Author: (Regan, 1922)
Comments: Most common in mixed rock-sand habitats and vegetated areas (Ref. 55922).  Occurs in small groups in rocky areas with beds of <i>Vallisneria</i> and <i>Potamogeton</i> (Ref. 3817).  Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 267).  Hunts in pairs (Ref. 3817) or in large groups (Ref. 3817, 55922).  When singly, sometimes ambushing prey by lying motionless on the substrate, but not on its side (Ref. 55922).