Author: Griffin, 1927
Comments: Nocturnal, retreats to large surge pools or channels open to the sea during the day and usually under overhangs or ledges in small schools.  Juveniles occur amongst weed along rocky shores in late summer.  Feeds on plankton and benthic organisms (Ref. 26966).  Adult diet observed consists of amphipods (45%), mysids (20%), polychaetes (20%), isopods (7%), and crab larvae and ostracods (8%) which are taken out of the water column c. 4-5 m from the bottom.  Juveniles that are less than 40 mm are diurnal feeders, mostly feeding on small copepods.  Some groups were observed to enter rivers by night in summer and swim well upstream into mangrove forests to feed on crab larvae, shrimps, amphipods, and other zooplankton (Ref. 88976).  The smallest identified gravid female was 8.56 cm SL and the largest 12.3 cm SL. Gravid females were found among collections made in mid November into February.  These observations agree with reported observations that spawning occurs from November through February and that juveniles settle in January through April (Ref. 88976).