Author: (Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928)
FBname: Southern stingray
Comments: Found on sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, lagoons and the reef face (Ref. 12951).  Common in bays and estuaries (Ref. 7251).  Observed singly, in pairs and in aggregations (Ref. 12951).  Buries in the sand during the day and forages at night, usually in seagrass beds (Ref. 12951).  Feeds mainly on bivalves and worms and also takes shrimps, crabs and small fishes (Ref. 3168).  Feeds by creating depressions in the sand to expose invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9710).  Ovoviviparous, with 3-4 in a litter (Ref. 12951).  May be found in cleaning stations where they are attended to by the bluehead wrasse and Spanish hogfish (Ref. 12951).  Equipped with a well-developed serrated spine and capable of inflicting a painful laceration.  Easily approached by divers (Ref. 9710).