Author: Rafinesque, 1810
Comments: Ocuurs on sand or muddy bottoms, down to about 130 m. This species is a demersal schooling fish, with eggs and larvae plaktonic (Ref. 124120).  Morphometrics analysis showed that the populations are structured along the Turkish coast (Marmara Sea, Aegean Sea, and Northeastearn Maditerranean Sea) (Ref. 130824).