Author: (Müller & Troschel, 1844)
Remark: See Géry (1972: 197-203, Figs. 30-33) for detailed description on allometry. See Planquette,  Keith & Le Bail (1996) and Ouboter & Mol (1993) for detail distribution.
Comments: The diameter of the eyes suggests a crepuscular activity for this species.  The inferior position of the mouth facilitates easy access to benthic plants like Podostemaceae and other fruits, seeds and flowers that fall into the water.  The juveniles live in small creeks with sandy substrate.  Between 5-10 cm, they migrate to large rivers where they form shoals along the river banks and sandy beaches of shallow waters.  Thereafter, they appear to lead a more solitary existence in the central beds of rivers (Ref. 12225).