Author: Hamilton, 1822
FBname: Gray eel-catfish
Comments: Adults found mostly in estuaries and lagoons, and sometimes up rivers in nearly fresh waters.  They occur in the lower parts of rivers in freshwater or brackish water and in coastal seas (Ref. 12693, 48635). It is reported to have an extended breeding season and likely spawns in brackish water, based on optimal sperm survival at 0.9 % salinity; produces relatively few large eggs, consistent with parental care and it is possible that male fish construct nests and guard their fry (Ref. 127983), Maximum length of 150 cm TL is without actual specimen (Ref. 3478). Juveniles may occur in dense aggregations (Ref. 9801).  Feed on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes. Spines associated with anterior fins have potent venom. Marketed mostly fresh.