Author: (Gilbert, 1892)
FBname: Roughtail skate
Comments: Inhabits deeper waters than hardnose skates and reported to prefer medium to cold temperatures and low oxygen environments compared to its congeners. It is found over a wide range of substrates, from fine sediment to rocky environments. Feeds mostly on benthic  organisms, including annelids, shrimps, crabs, and fishes, with adults preferring fishes, whereas juveniles consume mostly invertebrates (Ref. 126515).  Oviparous.  Distinct pairing with embrace.  Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).  Reported size at maturity for males 74 cm TL and for females 80 cm TL with males growing to at least 90 cm TL and females at least 89 cm TL; with size at birth 9-16 cm TL. Maximum age reported estimated to be 20 years for males and 17 years for females. Egg cases small in size (6.2-7.8 cm TL), colour dark brown and becoming light golden brown on keels, which are smooth and plush-like when touched. Egg cases with long, slender horns at each corner, curving inwardly and slightly overlap at their tips with a distinct crossbar originating midway along the posterior horns in some specimens (Ref. 126515).