Author: (Rafinesque, 1810)
Remark: Considered mostly as a subspecies  in the literature.  Therefore the upraise at species rank here is considered as a provisionally accepted name, until more works are conducted
Comments: Inhabits offshore waters, but also found in coastal waters.  Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 6530).  Oviparous (Ref. 205).  Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205).