Author: (Bleeker, 1851)
Comments: Occurs at midwater to bottom depths in large lowland rivers and lakes.  Moves into the flooded forests when water levels are high, feeding mainly on submerged plants as well as on some filamentous algae and insects which occur on the plants.  Feeds also on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 56749).  Formerly common, but has become very rare recently (Ref. 12693).  Spawns in rivers (Ref. 56749).