Author: Risso, 1810
FBname: Marbled electric ray
Comments: Occurs in seagrass areas, rocky reefs, and adjacent soft bottoms (Ref. 12951).  Avoids temperatures above 20°C (Ref. 10011).  Nocturnal, usually burying itself during the day with only the eyes and spiracle jutting out (Ref. 12382).  Feeds on small benthic fishes <i>Trachurus, Mugil, Mullus, Dicentrarchus, Spondyliosoma, Boops, Labrus, Dascyllus, Pomacentrus</i>) and crustaceans (Ref. 10011).  Females outlive males; viviparous, neonates measuring  10-14 cm at birth (Ref. 10426).  Produces 2-32 pups in a litter after a 10-month gestation (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Males reaches maturity at ca. 30 cm TL, females at ca. 40 cm TL; born at 10-14 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Electrocytes start developing when the embryo weighs about 1 g; electric organs functional before birth and newborns can use their electric organ discharge (EOD) in capturing prey (Ref. 10428).  Can produce electric discharges of up to 200 volts; EOD frequency up to 600 Hz.  Jumps on fast-moving prey, paralyzing it with its EOD (Ref. 27000).