Author: (Müller & Henle, 1841)
FBname: Whip stingray
Comments: Found in coral reefs and estuarine areas, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 12951, 11230).  Feeds on  small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 9840).  Ovoviviparous with litters of only 1 pup (Ref. 114953) while earlier estimates indicated production of  up to 10 in a litter (Ref. 12951).  Caught occasionally by bottom trawl fisheries operating inshore. Utilized for its meat but of limited value due to its small size (Ref.58048). Served in 'miso' soup, hard boiled with seasonings, or for 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637).