Author: (Hamilton, 1822)
FBname: Orange-spotted grouper
Comments: Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390).  Solitary (Ref 90102).  Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Ref. 6390).  Feed on small fishes, shrimps, and crabs.  Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352).  Females mature at 25 to 30 cm (2 to 3 years old), and sexual transition occurs at 55 to 75 cm (Ref. 39231). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390).  Has been tested in several countries as a potential species for mariculture (Ref. 43448). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, trawls, and lift nets. Common and expensive in markets of the region; sold fresh and kept alive at restaurants in Asian countries (e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan Province of China) (Ref. 39231).