Author: (Kner, 1854)
Remark: New combination with type species designation by Bleeker (1862:2); information on the holotype and type locality in Isbrücker (1992); complementary descriptions in Günther (1864:242) and in Regan (1904:229); recent material redescribed with ecological observations in Le Bail et al. (2000:234, fig.). Mitochondrial D-loop sequences used in a molecular phylogeny of <i>Hypostomus</i> and related genera by Montoya-Burgos and Weber (in press, fig. 2; EMBL/GenBank AJ318368).
Comments: Lives in the main jets of rapids where the current is very strong.  The substrate consists of bulky rocks which gives them shelter.  Occurs together with the following species:  <i>Leporinus granti</i>, <i>Astyanax meunieri</i>, <i>Bryconops caudomaculatus</i>; <i>Parodon guyanensis</i>, <i>Harttia surinamensis</i>, <i>Hypostomus gymnorhynchus</i>, <i>Lasiancistrus brevipinnis</i> and <i>Heptapterus longior</i> (Ref. 35381).