Author: (Kittlitz, 1858)
FBname: Black prickleback
Comments: Juveniles and adults inhabit intertidal areas down to 8 m depth (Ref. 2850);   Individuals to 2 cm in length have been taken from surface waters (Ref. 6885).  Found under rocks and in gravel areas (Ref. 2850).  May remain out of water under rocks or seaweed (Ref. 31184).  Breathe air (Ref. 31184) and can stay out of water for 10-23 hours if kept moist (Ref. 51276).  Oviparous, eggs are laid in several clumps or masses which are guarded by the male (Ref. 58332).