Author: (Cuvier, 1816)
FBname: Cachama
Remark: See Machado-Allison 1982: 42, Géry 1986: 97 and Machado-Allison 1986: 2 for detailed description. See Goulding & Carvalho 1982 and Araujo Lima & Goulding 1997 for general biology and management. See Loubens & Panfili 1997 for growth biology.
Comments: This species is usually solitary.  Adults stay in flooded forests during first 5 months of flooding and consume but fruits and grains.  Young and juveniles live in black waters of flood plains until their sexual maturity.  Feeds on zooplankton, insects, snails and decaying plants (Ref. 32894).  Used in aquaculture because it can live in mineral poor waters and is very resistant to diseases.  Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).