Author: Bills & Ribbink, 1997
Comments: Stenotopic, occurring exclusively on mud bottoms; sublittoral habitat ranging from 5 m to more than 40 m depth; habitat flat or of negligible gradient; digs holes which serve as refuges from predators, breeding sites and form central parts of territories; territory size varies between 1 and 3 m²; found to use shells of the gastropod <i>N. tanganyicense</i> as refuges and breeding sites instead of holes; monogamous; fish community at Mpulungu dominated by this species (Ref. 42182). 