Author: Chen, Uwa & Chu, 1989
Comments: Adults occur in swamps, marshes, rice fields, backwaters, stream stretches with stagnant water and dense vegetation (Ref. 59043).  In Fuxian Lake, China, they are found in upper and middle layers of shallow coastal waters (Ref. 26717).  Adults feed mainly on filamentous algae and zooplankton (Ref. 26717).  They mature in 3 months time.  Spawning occurs between April and September when temperature rises above 26°C.  Can tolerate temperatures from 0 to 42°C, surviving winter under ice (Ref. 59043).