Author: (Smith, 1828)
FBname: Blue stingray
Remark: Distribution needs review.
Comments: Found in shallow bays, sheltered sandy beaches in summertime, moves to deeper waters during winter.  Feeds on bony fishes and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and mantis shrimps (Ref. 36731); including sea lice and marine worms (Ref. 114953).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).  Litters of 1-5 pups (Ref. 114953).  Often caught by shore anglers (Ref. 36731). It is parasitised by the monogenean <i>Dendromonocotyle citrosa</i> on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124058).