Author: Motomura, Harazaki & Hardy, 2005
Comments: Commonly found in 3-6 m, but are not observed in tidal pools or deeper than 11 m.  Adults are usually found in areas with strong regular surges generated by wave swells, but not in areas with strong unidirectional currents or breaking waves. Individuals often inhabited inclined, usually near vertical, flat surfaces of large rocks, being found near the substrate.  Spawning in Hachijo-jima Island was observed early morning until 8:00 am, from the end of March to July (Ref. 78435).  Eggs are hemispherical and covered with numerous sticky threads that anchor them in the algae on the nesting sites (Ref. 240).  Larvae are planktonic which occur primarily in shallow, nearshore waters (Ref. 94114).