Author: (Smith, 1863)
FBname: Thorny freshwater stingray
Remark: Distribution will be corrected.
Comments: Benthic species mostly in lakes and rives, found more than 240 km upstream from the sea (possibly also coastal).  The life history and present status of populations in West Africa is unknown.  Type specimens were born after capture of the mother; few specimens exist (Ref. 114953).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).