Author: Watson, 1991
Comments: A poor climber and thus restricted to the lower reaches and adjoining brackish waters; found in both altered and unaltered streams; omnivorous and a benthic feeder on filamentous algae, worms, crustaceans and insect larvae; not highly sought as food by the early Hawaiians (Ref. 44091).  Benthic (Ref. 58302).