Author: (Cuvier, 1829)
FBname: Smoothtail ninespine stickleback
Remark: Often misidentified as <i>Pungitius pungitius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) that it replaces in northwesternmost Europe..
Comments: Adults inhabit shallow still water with dense vegetation.  Feed predominantly on zooplankton, small crustaceans and benthic insects.  Spawn for the first time at 1 year of age.  Spawning takes place in April-June (Ref. 59043).  Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited (Ref. 205).