Author: (Castelnau, 1855)
FBname: Bigtooth river stingray
Remark: Reproductive biology unknown. A large female weighing some 15 kg gave birth to one pup of 12.5 cm DW, according to Rosa (1985a). Rare in scientific collections, but frequently commercialized by aquarium industry. Highly endemic distribution may render this species as being endangered. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Sérét & McEachran  (1986), Compagno & Cook (1995), Rosa & Menezes (1996).