Author: (Bleeker, 1850)
Comments: Inhabits streams and rivers in upland and lowland areas (Ref. 56749).  Occurs in flowing and standing water habitats (Ref. 12693).  Also found in swamps and reservoirs, where it may be extremely abundant (Ref. 27661).  Encountered in medium to large-sized rivers (Ref. 12975).  Feeds on mollusks, crustaceans and other invertebrates as well as some plant matter and detritus (Ref. 12693).  Possibly poisonous and not a commercial fish (Ref. 12693).  Sometimes imported in the aquarium trade but known to be very aggressive and snappish (Ref. 12693).