Author: Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Comments: Inhabits rivers and streams with moderate to swift current and sandy or rocky bottoms.  Individuals hiding under rocks or submerged logs during the day and coming out at night to feed.  The fish is capable of inflicting a painful sting with its dorsal and pectoral spines, with much swelling and excruciating pain in the afflicted area for several hours (Ref. 37785).