Author: Moura, 1995
Comments: Adults are found in open areas with great water circulation over rocky bottom; usually in groups, 4-5 m above the substrate, seeking shelter on the bottom when there are predators (Ref. 27310).  Maximum depth from Ref. 126840.  Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).  Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205).  Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205).