Author: (Houttuyn, 1782)
FBname: Spotnape cardinalfish
Comments: Occur in groups around coral bommies (Ref. 2334).  In Japan, the breeding season is from June to September.  Breeding pairs set up territory which is mostly defended by the female (Ref. 57690).  Mouthbrooding is done by the male parents (Ref. 559 and 637) some of which resort to partial egg cannibalism probably to adjust the brood size to their buccal capacity (Ref. 57690).  Nocturnal species, but courtship and spawning takes place during day (Ref. 7300, 37227, 38747).